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A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations. The concept was originated by European scholars studying the United States, especially James Bryce and Moisey Ostrogorsky, and has been expanded to cover other democracies.〔Sartori (1976); Lipset and Rokkan (1967); Karvonen and Kuhnle (2000)〕 Giovanni Sartori devised the most widely used classification method for party systems. He suggested that party systems should be classified by the number of relevant parties and the degree of fragmentation.〔Sartori (1976)〕 Party systems can be distinguished by the effective number of parties.〔Golosov, Grigorii V. (2010): The Effective Number of Parties: A New Approach. ''Party Politics'', 16(2):171-192.〕 ==Types of party systems== *''Dominant-party system'': a system where there is "a category of parties/political organizations that have successively won election victories and whose future defeat cannot be envisaged or is unlikely for the foreseeable future". *''Non-partisan system'': a system of government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without reference to political parties. *''Single-party system'': a system in which a single political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. *''Two-party system'': a system where two major political parties dominate politics within a government. *''Multi-party system'': a system in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Party system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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